Lost in a Transmedia Universe

Authors

  • Aaron Smith Wieden+Kennedy

Keywords:

Lost, transmedia, world building, convergence, television

Abstract

This article (previously published as a chapter of a thesis) analyzes the transmedia storytelling behind ABC’s Lost. Because its narrative hinges on a complex mythology, Lost struggles to supplement a stand-alone television show with distinct and valuable narrative extensions. First, I examine how Lost’s worldbuilding techniques encourage hard-core fans to “play” within its narrative space. I then evaluate the extent to which Lost offers an optional, yet compelling experience through its expanded text. However successful at balancing casual and hard-core fans though, Lost represents the future of many television shows in that it strives to immerse fans within a vast transmedia universe while also promising an internally coherent television program.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ABBOT, Stacey. “How Lost found its audience: The Making of a Cult Blockbuster.” Reading Lost: Perspectives on a Hit Television Show. Ed. Roberta Pearson. London: IB Tauris, 2009.

ADKINS, Jonah. “The World of Lost.” Mapping Lost. http://mappinglost.blogspot. com/> 27 January 2009.

“Advertising the Digital Age.” Team Digital Company Blog. <http://promotions2.com/2009/new-rules-of-advertising-in-the-digital-age/> 13 March 2009.

AHRENS, Frank. “Final ‘Star Wars’ Caps Moneymaking Empire.” The Washington Post. 14 May 2005 <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2005/05/13/AR2005051301512.html>

ARANGO, Tim. “Broadcast TV Faces Struggle to Stay Viable.” The New York Times. <http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/28/business/media/28network.html?_r=3> 27 February 2009.

ASKWITH, Ivan. Deconstructing the Lost Experience. Cambridge, MA: Convergence Culture Consortium, 2006.

______. This Is Not (Just) An Advertisement: Understanding Alternate Reality Games. Cambridge, MA: Convergence Culture Consortium, 2006.

______. Television 2.0: Reconceptualizing TV as an Engagement Medium. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Master’s Thesis, 2007.

AUSTIN, Alec. Expectations Across Entertainment Media. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Master’s Thesis, 2007.

BORLAND, John. “The TV Is Dead. Long Live the TV.” Wired. <http://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/news/2007/04/tvhistory_0406> 6 April, 2007. Boxofficemojo.com. <http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=blairwitchproject.htm>

BROOKER, Will. “Television Out of Time: Watching Cult Shows on Download.”Reading Lost: Perspectives on a Hit Television Show. Ed. Roberta Pearson. London: IB Tauris, 2009

CALDWELL, John. “Convergence Television: Aggregating Form and Repurposing

Content in the Culture of Conglomeration.” Television After TV: Essays on a Medium

in Transition. Eds. Lynn Spigel and Jan Olsson. Durham, NC: Duke University Press,

41-75.

CARTER, Bill. “The Media Business: ‘Twin Peaks’ May Provide A Ratings Edge for ABC.”

The New York Times. 16 April 1990. <http://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/16business/themedia-business-twin-peaks-may-provide-a-ratings-edge-for-abc.html?sec=&spon=>

CERASINI, Marc and Alfonsi, Alice. The House Special Subcommittee’s Findings at

CTU. New York: Harper Collins, 2003.

Dark UFO. <http://darkufo.blogspot.com/>

DAWSON, Max. “Little Players, Big Shows: Format, Narration, and Style on Television’s

New Smaller Screens.” Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New

Technologies 13.3 (2007): 230-250.

DENA, Christy. “How the Internet is Holding the Centre of Conjured Universes.”

Paper presented at Internet Research 7.0: Internet Convergences, Association of

Internet Researchers. Brisbane, Queensland, 27-30 September 2006.

______. “Patterns in Cross-Media Interaction Design: It’s Much More than a URL…(Part 1)” UniverseCreation101.com. March 10, 2007. http://www.universecreation101.com/category/arg/page/6/

______.“Techniques for Segmenting Content Across Media.” Christydena.com. <http://www.christydena.com/2008/09/techniques-for-segmenting-content-across-media/> September 4Th 2008

DOVEY, Jon and Kennedy, Helen W. Game Cultures: Computer Games as New Media. New York: Open University Press, 2006.

EVANS, Elizabeth Jane. “Character, Audience Agency and Transmedia Drama.” Media Culture & Society. 30, 2 (2008): 197-213

FISHER, Ken. “NBC Universal chief calls for ‘Net-savvy TV pitches” Ars Technica. 13 March 2006. <http://arstechnica.com/old/content/2006/03/6369.ars>

FISKE, John. Television Culture. New York: Routledge, 1987.

FORD, Sam. “Futures of Entertainment: Transmedia Properties.” Convergence Culture Consortium Weblog. <http://www.convergenceculture.org/weblog/2006/11/foe_transmedia_properties.php#more> 17 November 2006.

GERSTMANN, Jeff. “Enter the Matrix Review.” Gamespot.com. 20 May 2003. < http://www.gamespot.com/pc/action/enterthematrix/review.html?page=2>

GOLDMAN, Eric. “Battlestar Galactica Producer Talks Strike.” Ign.com. 7 November 2007. <http://tv.ign.com/articles/833/833633p1.html>

GRAY, Jonathan and MITTELL, Jason. “Speculation on Spoilers: Lost Fandom,

Narrative Consumption and Rethinking Textuality.” Particip@tions. 4.1, 2007 <http://www.participations.org/Volume%204/Issue%201/4_01_graymittell.htm>

GREENBERG, Andy. “Star Wars’ Galactic Dollars.” Forbes.com. <http://www.forbes.com/2007/05/24/star-wars-revenues-tech-cx_ag_0524money.html> 24 May 2007.

GWENLLIAN-JONES, Sara and PEARSON, Roberta. Cult Television. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press, 2004.

HAYWARD, Jennifer. Consuming pleasures: active audiences and serial fictions from Dickens to soap opera. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1997.

HELM, Burt. “Why TV Will Never Be the Same.” Business Week. 23 November 2004. <http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/nov2004/tc20041123_3292_tc184.htm>

HILL, Matt. Fan Cultures. New York: Routledge, 2002.

HOEY, Matt. “All Who Wander Are Not Lost.” Written By: The Magazine of the

Writer’s Guild of America, West. September 2006. <http://www.wga.org/writtenby/writtenbysub.aspx?id=2195>

JENKINS, Henry. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press, 2008.

______. “Convergence? I Diverge.” MIT Technology Review. June 2001. <http://www.technologyreview.com/business/12434/>

______, Ravi Purushotma, Katherine Clinton, Margaret Weigel, and Alice Robison. “Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education in the 21st Century.” White Paper for MacArthur Foundation, 2006.

______. “Do You Enjoy Making The Rest of Us Feel Stupid?”: alt.tv.twinpeaks, the Trickster Author, and Viewer Mastery.” Full of Secrets: Critical Approaches to Twin Peaks. Ed. David Lavery. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1995. 51-69.

______. Fans, Bloggers, and Gamers: Exploring Participatory Culture. New York: New York University Press, 2006.

______. Jenkins, Henry. “Game Design as Narrative Architecture.” First Person: New Media as Story, Performance, and Game. Eds. Noah Wardrip-Fruin and Pat Harrigan. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2004. 118-120.

______.“Getting Lost.” Henryjenkins.org. 25 August 2006. <http://www.henryjenkins.org/2006/08/getting_lost.html>

______.“Inviting Our Participation: An Interview with Sharon Marie Ross (Part One).” Henryjenkins.org. 8 October 2008. <http://henryjenkins.org/2008/10/an_interview_with_sharon_marie.html>

______. Jenkins, Henry. “Producing the CSI:NY/Second Life Crossover: An Interview with Electric Sheep’s Taylor and Krueger (1 of 2).” Henryjenkins.org. 24 October 2007. <http://www.henryjenkins.org/2007/10/producing_the_csinysecond_life.html>

______.“Talking Transmedia: An Interview With Starlight Runner’s Jeff Gomez

(part one).” 28 May 2008. Henryjenkins.org <http://henryjenkins.org/2008/05/

an_interview_with_starlight_ru.html.>

______.Textual Poachers: Television Fans & Participatory Culture. New York:

Routledge, 1992.

______.“Transmedia Storytelling.” MIT Technology Review. 15 January 2003. <http://www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine/13052/page3/>

JENSEN, Jeff. “Lost in Transition.” Entertainment Weekly. <http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20034817,00.html> 13 April 2007.

______.“‘Lost’: Mind-Blowing Scoop From Its Producers.” Entertainment Weekly. <http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20179125_5,00.html> 20 February 2008.

______.“What to do? Lessons from Cult TV Shows.” Entertainment Weekly. 11 April 2005. <http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1046376,00.html>

JOHNSON, Derek . “Inviting Audiences In: The spatial reorganization of production and consumption in ‘TVIII’.” New Review of Film and Television Studies. 5, 1, 2007: 61-80.

______. “The Fictional Institutions of Lost: World Building, Reality, and the Economic

Possibilities of Narrative Divergence.” Reading Lost: Perspectives on a Hit Television

Show. Ed. Roberta Pearson. London: IB Tauris, 2009.

JOHNSTON, Amy and LACHONIS, Jon. Lost Ate My Life: The Inside Story of a

Fandom Like No Other. Toronto: ECW Press, 2008.

JONES, Steven E. “Dickens on Lost: Text, Paratext, Fan Based Media.” Loyola

University, Chicago. 22 May 2007.

______. The Meaning of Video Games: Gaming and Textual Strategies. New York: Routledge, 2008.

JUUL, Jesper. “The Open and the Closed. Games of Emergence and Games of

Progression.” Computer Games and Digital Cultures Conference Proceedings. Ed. Frans Mäyrä. Tampere: Tampere University Press, 2002. 323-329.

KINDER, Marsha. Playing with Power in Movies, Television and Video Games: From Muppet Babies to Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.

KIRKPATRICK, David. “AOL Is Planning a Fast-Forward Answer to TiVo.” The New York Times. 10 March 2003. <http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/10/business/aol-isplanning-a-fast-forward-answer-to-tivo.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1>

KUSHNER, David. “Rebel Alliance.” FastCompany.com. 11 April 2008. <http://www.fastcompany.com/node/798975/print>

LACHONIS, Jon. “BuddyTV Interviews LOST’s Damon Lindelof and Carlton Cuse - and gets Answers!” BuddyTV.com. 7 March 2007. <http://www.buddytv.com/articles/lost/buddytv-interviews-losts-damon-4766.aspx>

______.“Lost Mobisodes Unraveled.” Ugo.com. <http://www.ugo.com/ugo/html/

article/?id=18038>

LANCASTER, Kurt. Interacting with Babylon 5. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2001.

LEE, Felicia R. “‘Bad Twin,’ a Novel Inspired by ‘Lost,’ Makes the Best-Seller Lists.” The New York Times. 27 May 2006. <http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/27/books/27lost.html>

LONG, Geoffrey. Transmedia Storytelling: Business, Aesthetics, and Production at the Jim Henson Company. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Master’s Thesis, 2007

“The Lost Experience Clues: Clue #42 – Jimmy Kimmel Interview with Hugh McIntyre.” Lost Experience Clues Blog. 25 May 2006. <http://thelostexperienceclues.blogspot.com/2006/05/clue-42-jimmy-kimmel-interview-with.html>

Lostpedia.com <http://lostpedia.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page>

LOTZ, Amanda. The Television Will Be Revolutionized. NY: New York University

Press, 2007.

LOWRY, Tom. “Network finds marketing paradise with Lost.” Business Week. 24 July 2006. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_30/b3994072.htm

MCCHESNEY, Robert. Rich Media, Poor Democracy: Communication Politics in

Dubious Times. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1999.

MILLER, Lia. “To Counter the Doldrums During Summer Reruns, ‘Lost’ Fans Can Get Lost in a Game Online.” The New York Times. 24 April 2006. <http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/24/business/media/24lost.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&pagewanted=print>

MITTELL, Jason. “Lost in a Great Story.” Reading Lost: Perspectives on a Hit

Television Show. Ed. Roberta Pearson. London: IB Tauris, 2009

______.“Lost in an Alternate Reality.” Flow TV 4.7, 2006. <http://flowtv.org/?p=165>

______.”Narrative Complexity in Contemporary American Television.” The Velvet

Light Trap. 58, 2006: 29-39

______. “Serial Narratives and Tie-In Games: Problems, Possibilities and Pleasures.”

Unpublished paper presented at Society for Cinema and Media Studies Conference, Vancouver, Canada, March 2006.

______-.“To Spread or to drill?” Just TV. <http://justtv.wordpress.com/2009/02/25/tospread-or-to-drill/> 25 February 2009.

MORRIS, Chris. “Requiem For The Hardcore.” Forbes.com. <http://www.forbes.

com/2008/09/29/hardcore-casual-gamer-tech-personal-cx_cm_0930hardcore.html> 9 September 2008.

MURPHY, Priscilla Coit. “Books are Dead, Long Live Books.” Rethinking Media

Change: The Aesthetics of Transition. Eds. David Thorburn and Henry Jenkins. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2003. 81-95.

MURRAY, Janet H. Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace. New York: The Free Press, 1997.

MURRAY, Noel. “Lost’s Damon Lindelof and Carlton Cuse.” A.V. Club. 22 April 2008. <http://www.avclub.com/articles/losts-damon-lindelof-and-carlton-cuse,14231/>

ÖRNEBRING, Henrik. “Alternate reality gaming and convergence culture: The case of Alias.” International Journal of Cultural Studies. 10.4 (2007): 445-462.

PARKS, Lisa. “Flexible Microcasting: Gender, Generation, and Television-Internet Convergence. Television After TV: Essays on a Medium in Transition. Eds. Lynn Spigel and Jan Olsson. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004. 133-163

PARKIN, Lance. “Truths Universally Acknowledged. How the Rules of Doctor Who Affect the Writing.” Third Person: Authoring and Exploring Vast Narratives. Eds. Noah Wardrip-Fruin and Pat Harrigan. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009. 13-25.

PERRYMAN Neil. “Doctor Who and the Convergence of Media: A Case Study in Transmedia Storytelling.” Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies. 20.1, 2008: 21-39.

PONIEWOZIK, James. “Why the Future of Television is Lost” Time Magazine. 24 September 2006. <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1538635-3,00.html>

PORTER, Patrick. “Buffy vs. Dracula. Intertextuality, Carnival, and Cult.” Refractory Journal of Entertainment Media. 9 (2006) <http://blogs.arts.unimelb.edu.au/refractory/2006/07/04/buffy-vs-dracula%E2%80%9Dintertextuality-carnival-and-cultpatrick-j-porter/>

RAUCH, Peter. “Is Popular Culture Good for You?” 6 October 2005. <http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/forums/popular_culture.htm>

REEVES, Jimmie. “Postmodernism and Television: Speaking of Twin Peaks.” Full of Secrets: Critical Approaches to Twin Peaks. Ed. David Lavery. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1995. 177.

RITCHELL, Matt. “What Convergence? TV’s Hesitant March to the Net.” The New York Times. 15 February 2009. <http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/16/technology/internet/16chip.html?_r=2>

ROSS, Sharon Marie. Beyond the Box: Television and the Internet. Oxford: WileyBlackwell Publishing, 2008.

Lost in a Transmedia Universe • Aaron Michael Smith

SALEN, Katie and ZIMMERMAN, Eric. . Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2004.

SCHNEIDER, Michael. “‘Lost’ found on many platforms.” Variety. 10 April 2008.

<http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117983862.html?categoryid=2868&cs=1>

TAPPER, Jake. “Behind the Secrets of ‘Lost.’” ABC News. 17 October 2006. <http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/Story?id=2553741&page=1>

TAYLOR, Alice. “Hollywood & Games: An Interview with Jesse Alexander.”

Wonderland Blog. <http://www.wonderlandblog.com/wonderland/2007/06/

hollywood-games.html>

THOMAS, Rachel. “An Interview with Michael Emerson (Ben Linus/Fake Henry Gale, Lost)” About.com. <http://tvdramas.about.com/od/lostamikeemersonint.htm>

TROUP, Gary. Bad Twin. New York: Hyperion, 2006. Unfiction.com. <http://www.unfiction.com/>

VINEYARD, Jennifer. “Joss Whedon Sends Buffy Back To The Future In New

Season-Eight Comic.” VH1.com 2 July 2008. <http://www.vh1.com/movies/news/articles/1590279/20080701/story.jhtml>

______. “Re-Buffed: New Comic Book Series Resurrects Vampire Slayer.” MTV.com.1 February 2007. <http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1551286/20070131/index.jhtml>

WOLK, Josh. “‘Homicide’ welcomes its website cast to the show -- a first step in NBC’s plans to nab TV defectors.” Entertainment Weekly. 5 February 1999. <http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,84131,00.html>

WYATT, Justin. High Concept. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994.

ZEITCHIK, Steven. “Inside Move: It’s a Shames.” Variety. 18 June 2006. <http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117945504.html?categoryId=14&cs=1>

Published

2011-12-07

How to Cite

SMITH, Aaron. Lost in a Transmedia Universe. Revista GEMInIS, [S. l.], v. 2, n. 2, p. 6–36, 2011. Disponível em: https://revistageminis.ufscar.br/index.php/geminis/article/view/75. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2024.

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.